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WHY API?
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Most programmers never see the detail of the system calls. Typically application developers design programs according to an application programming interface (API).
The API specifies a set of functions that are available to an application programmer, including the parameters that are passed to each function and the return values the programmer can expect
Three of the most common APIs available to application programmers are the Win32 API (for Windows systems, the POSIX API for POSIX-based systems (which includes virtually all various of UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS X), and the Java API for designing programs that run on the Java virtual machine.
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